yr pee ee . / a 0.5 th tay 1910 - wot PRINCE. RUPERT DAILY NEWS _ 1959. An: independent newspaper devoted. to the upbullding : of Prince Rupert and Northern and Central! British Columbia. We ' A member of The Canadian Press—Audit Bureau of os Oo Circulation—Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association woes € . J, RR. AYRES ‘Editor Published by The Prince Rupert Daily News Limited “©. aot” Wee ne JOHN -F, MAGOR Ce = ' President General Manager G. P,.WOODSIDE © nea Authorized as second class maf by: the Post Ottice Department. “Ottawa, | “ THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 1959 | A matter of ¢ concern for all NE very important thing was of ‘canneries, other industries and * brought out by the report released communities for a large area. this week on the riot. It-could all hap- Now, what are we going to do . pen again! “We happen to be 4 rather unique community with a rather unique as- sortment of problems. None of them | are too serious considered singly. But - they ave alarming when all joined to- ‘gether in the super-problem they tend to become for part of each year. “AS ‘the report brings out, the prin- cipal: pr oblems: dn the assortment are these: “1. We are saddled with legislatior. —the Indian Act—that places special restrictions upon the Indian concern- ing. drinking, thus creating much of our: ‘population as second-class citizens. - fhe Indian is accordingly, and justifi- ably, often r esentful of authority. His resentment, ‘again justifiably, . makes no great distinction between the source of the legislation, the police. who en . and the courts who are ‘the native population. Some of these people: live. in. Prince . Rupert. - Others: ‘are visitors. Between them is woven a web: of: discrimination which restricts: the use by the Indian of .cer- taih facilities that should be the right (Of: call. ° ee 38. There i is a serious lack of places of: entertainment i in, and an equal lack of “access highways from, a city that claims to be “the key to: the great northwest”—the Canadian West’s sec- ond vail terminus and’ the focal point about all these things? And we cer- tainly have to do something unless we | wish to continue with the threat of “fresh—and possibly more ser tous riots hanging over us. In the matter of the Indian Act, it is to be hoped that City Council will, continue to badger. the . provincial and federal governments .. badger and. until the Royal Commission urged by the report to study the Act becomes a reality. In this, individual citizens can assist with letters to their MLA and MP, The problem of. discrimination is, unfortunately, very much more diffi- cult to handle. It is so often a skulk- ing, covert affair. But at very least we should be bold enough to express our condemnation of it when it does on occasion appear overtly and use every device of law to make those responsible feel extremely uncomfortable. - The third matter, that of recre- ational facilities, could perhaps partly be. alleviated by local companies and/or - unions erecting places where - their employees or members could get together. Other port cities have their seamen’s homes and recreational cen- ters. men’s centre for Prince Rupert? One thing is to be earnestly hoped._ That is that this report—for whieh its “ereators John Guthrie, W. H. Murray and K. H. Harding deserve a yery big vote of thanks—is not left to moulder on a shelf in City Fall. _@ Definition of obscenity In essaying to define obscenity in- terms which would enable .the law enforcement agen- cies of the country to recognize obscenity when they saw it, Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s gov- ernment undertook a task which might have defied the wisdom of Solomon. The long- ed answer to the question as to how the ed. definition would be worded so that e* ourts could act upon it confidently has now’ been offered to the Commons by Justice Minister Fulton in a bill containing . several proposed changes in the Criminal Code. Unquestionably this definition “is an im- provement over what the police and the courts have had for their guidance up to now. Even so, there are holes in it. This section of the amending bill represents many months of patient search for just the right words for a definition which emerges as a sentence only ’ 40 words long and an illustration of the ftn- adequacy of language, It may be that obscenity Uke, facial ugliness is impossible of. precise definition, So much {is in the eyes and mind of the reader or the beholder, If this bill passes, any publeation may be ‘unavoldable. deemed to be obscene if “a dominant charac- teristic’ is “the undue exploitation of sex, or of sex and anygone or more of the following subjects, namely, crime, horror, cruelty and violence.” In that phraseology some at least of the looseness of earlier attempts to define obscenity appears to reside. In the two words “dominant” and “undue” there is such latitude that decision must be reduced to the personal opinion of the trial judge or magistrate. How much “exploitation of sex” js undue and how much permissible? ‘ May not a single chapter of a book make it obscene? Or must a ‘court dismiss a charge of obscenity simply because it Is not the dom- inant characteristic even though parts of it are salacious in the extreme? If, however, reliance upon the opininon of those who sit in judgment could be excluded from the process of justice, there would be no need for judges or juries. Determination of guilt or Innocence rests upon opinion, and the degree of latitude written Into this definition may prove to be a good thing, besides being —-The Victoria Colonia, of the press'? ie fundamentally it Is not a. -spectal privilege reserved for. newspaper pub- lishers. It is rather a phase of a much. larger freedom == ttie freedom of all men ~ to-speak thelr minds openly and without fear, The press claims no right which “should not belong to every citizen ina democracy. But freedom of the press Is an all-important part of this larger freedony because under modern’ conditions, the ‘press is the principal agency by which the ordinary man receives the infor- mation he needs to fudge the actions of his rulers and make up his mind on public affairs, Without newspapers, or with only gagged and blindfolded ones, he is in the dark, and helpless, An unfettered press fs therefore one of the essential bulwarks of a democratic nation. rill 98) BS he: precisely is meant by that. familiar rat, ‘freedom PENI liberty, of course, involves obligations, ‘That ofa free. newspaper isto . be triily free. It must strive to be thorough, accurate and unbiased i in {ts report- ing, sincere and thoughtful In its editorials and resistant to all outside. ‘pressure, It: must, be both cautious and bold—cautious until it knows all the: facts, bold when it is sure of its ground, It must above all be inspired by devotion ‘to the public welfare as its staff understand it. Cre any proof be needed, it Is supplied by the record of the totalitarian » dictatorships which have darkened the twentleth century. Rigid contro! of all sources of public information, and espectally of newspapers, was the cornerstone on which all these regimes - Nazi, Fascist and Communist alike — were founded. Without it, they could hardly have fasted for more than-a few months. With it, | they could keep their peoples in blinkers” and drive them on any course they, chose, The calamities of our age, its fear and Insecurity, stem in no small measure from the simple fact that at critical. periods great sections of the earth's popula tion have been prevented by their rulers from learning the real news of the world. Ne hese examples should’ irovide a warning against any attempt, by governs ments or by private interests, to restrict the essential freedom of the press. A free people must stand on guard’ not only against: direct censorship but also against more insidious encroachments. Normal freedom is hot endugh, The only truly free press is one which can record the news faithfully and comment on it frankly: without fear of direct or indirect, punishment. Neither the press nor the . Public: is safe with anything less than this. ch a newspaper is worthy of the privileges which the free peoples of the world have traditionally granted to their press. Such a newspaper is also the best guardian of the liberties of the people. Prepared by the Conedion Doily Newspaper Publithert Auociation once said that: _ quires closer. examination than. ~ the obviotis. orn disguised? In. an American city lately a “man was arrested for. putting on a costume and frightening other motorists by driving his car while disguised asa gorilla, Ona television show of recent " memory six dainty: per formers performed daintily one of the more delicate ballet passages from Swan Lake-+~algo: disguise ed‘as gorillas. 9° 4 7 The moral is so obvious that. ._. it had better. be’ ‘spelled out,.jn deference to. the professor who Question number one, “Was the driver of the: car really Number two: Was he not actually advertising a‘ tenden- cy that many human beings show to become “gorillas” the minute they get “back, of a wheel? _ Number three: Nord the com mand. of an automobile: make on otherwise gentle . human being. a power-mad_ potential. aggressor rice? Number four: If. peopte must against the human * disguise | themselves as. | gorillas m _ other thelr objectives with regard to” ‘ / What. kind of gorilla are you? From. the Or ees Science Monitor (with or without the aid of gorilla costumes) might they not tary it a la Swan Lake, taking pride in coordinating their' movements with those of drivers. and choosing the ensemble’ instead ‘of ” (as, ‘ alas, they so often do) letting . the objective. choose them ? Number, five: : Why should points so “clear in logic’ be so moot in practice? Now, you ask one, “nothing. re FAST RELIEF FOR Why not for example a fisher- — INTERPRETING THE NEWS _ Anti-Red drive poses problem for Nehru " By JOSEPH MacSWEEN Canadian Press Staff Writer The anti-Communist campaign In Kerala has presented Prime Minister Nehru, currently Visiting that Red-ruled Indian state, with un unhappy choice, IL may well he that the utbane prima minister, whila content. that the Communist Kiate regime has hit a rocky road in Kerala, Wishes, that his supporters there had waited a whila before starting thelr campaign—until leation time, for Instance, Nehru's Congress Party js in power not only jn the central New Delh} fovernmont but also in all 14 Indian states except Kornla, The Koraln branch js among the combinad opposition forces trying to bring down tho Communist government of 1%, M, 8. Nambond- ripad, But Mra, Indira Gandhl, Connresn Party president and Nohru’s daughter, has atntad that the atate party command {a acting on Its own, without authorization from. national headquartors, TWO DECISIONS As the ren) powor in the National Party, Nohru ia faced with a decision on whothar the Koraln. adhoronta should recolve full-scale. backing, As prime minister, he must daaida whothor conditions in Kerala warrant intor- - voution by the central Rovernmont, to restora ordor The Communists won power In a ronsannbly free election wo yenra ngo and would normally remain: in office until) at -lonat 1962, when the next elgation is achoduled, But opposition political partion, backed eby Nn Chratian-TWindu allinnde, are ‘demanding \. that the Communists get out now, the main apark of thelr “non-violent” rebellion being an education law that: would inerenase the . fovernment's control aver private schools and ' tenchors, Other factors, Including an unemployment roll of 2,000,000 in a population of 14,000,000, rre adding to the unrest, The opposition main« tains it is justified.in using the time-honored methods of passive resistance to bring down . i Communiat government even though t was elected In a legal way. CONGRESS TEARS _ But some sections of the National Congross Party area anid to foar that for the eentinl government to'approve such action would sot Af dangerous precedent for constitutional gov- ernment in Indin, They foar the Communists would rotalinte: in kind in other stntos, Nohru may also bo reluctant to move agninst n Cammunist government even though Jt was juat now beenuse of possible renetions from outside Indin, Red China Ja ati) smarting over India's role In the TMhetan affaly, . Tho opposition groupa.nre using some of the techniques of Mohandus %€,. Gandhi but observers aay thoy Inck the aplrit of the Ma- hatma, who prenched na pnssiontess Approach In hls alruga@ln against the Britlah, Despite the non-violent charaater of the - campaign, npollee have ‘killed 12 demonstrators aince June 12 and arrested thousands, Sonn factions have Indientad that only violence would reduce Nohru to intervene, abolishing no Alnta government and enlling new olec- ons, / Islam outrunning Christian missionaries in bid to convert 3,000,000 Sudan pagans. By WILTON WYNN KHARTOUM, Sudan - Christian - missionaries are losing ground in their bid to convert the 3,000,000 pagans of the South Sudan to Christianity. After the ‘Sudan became inde-. pendent in 1956, its predominantly Moslem government quickly curtailed -the work .of foreign: .Missions in the pagan south. At: the same time, Moslem proselytizing: Was: intensified. : SIte.4 appears almost certain now that the next generation will see these pagans embrace Islam. - And. their conversion. may’ > have a vital impact on the. j future religious Africa ‘as a whole, The South Sudan plunges makeup of... like a dagger into.the heart-.. of pagan Africa. In Nigeria on the west coast and the Somali- lands, on -the east coast of Africa, there already. are strong Moslem concentrations. A Mos- lem South Sudan would give Island a third prong in its penetration. into Africa from the solidly Moslem north. Education is the big weapon used by both sides in trying to win the South Sudan. For nearly a half-century, foreign missionaries had a monopoly on education in the south..But two years ago, the newly inde- pendent Moslem government took over all mission schools in that region. WORK LIMITED Christian mission work in _ the south now jis confined to agricultural, medical, and preaching activities. Christian mission schools still may oper-. ate In the North Sudan, which already is solidly Moslem, The South ‘Sudan . always ‘has been culturally. distingt ; from the north. The pagan .{ people there still live in a stone ‘age culture. They speak hun- ‘dreds of local dialects, go nak- ‘ed, and generally -subsist in ‘the most primitive way imagin-* able. The northerners—who represent three- -quarters of the population—are | Moslem and. Arabic-speaking. When the British adminis- tered. the Sudan—from 1899 to 1955—they tended to keep the south separate from the north, They handed educa- tion over entirely to Christian missions and subsidized their work, A strong Roman.Cath- olic mission and five active Protestant groups moved into the area. ' But now that the govern- ment has taken over schools in the north, pagan students are being pressed to identify themselves as Moslem. or Christian. And, with a Moslem - government and Moslem teach- ‘ers, the students are certain Confessions curb a mistake “From The Toronto Telegram “An amendment to the Crim- Inal Code proposed by Justice Minister Davie Fulton would prohibit’ reference Jn news papers to n confession or ad- mission of guilt by an aecused person prior to the completion of his trial, This Is a retrograde step In. the administration of justice which wauld be a mistake for Parliament to adopt, Certain. elements of the legn) profession have been ad-. amendment — of. vocuting an this kind for some time, They Wish to deny to the publle an essential pleca of information on which the police and pros- ecuting officials may be act- Ing, and which the public {a entitled to have, In some enaos, suppression of the fact that an Accused person has confessed may work against. tae Inter: okta of such a person, Has the Mintater of Justice aonnlderad Lully the Jmplieations of tho changa. he |x proposing? Tf he hag, hoe will see that the -amendment he haa hrought Into’ the: Howse of Commona will serve to Incranae rather than reduce the manse ura of secrocy that. surrounds the administration of Justice, Denial tothe public of the feta concerning — statements unde to police by acctaed pore KONK 11.NO Way serves the enda Of Justicn In a ayatem that ta founded upon publicity aa a ‘protéetion for the publle and, what ls offen more important, for necnsed persons, {ye ' The ease offered by those “who support such a denial has been heard many times at lnwyers’ meetings, It is part of the argumént for complete suppression of information re- garding preliminary trials and ‘grand jury Investigations, The argument Js made mainly as na convenience to Jawyers and, perhaps, to police officers al- though the police are often first to ask for pubNention of a confession, — My. Fulton appenrs to he giv- ing in to pressure from legal “elrolos to shut ont the Haht of ‘publicity, whereas the public and tho judicial system stself neegs more, not loss, publicity about what goes on nh our courts and public ations, "Added attraction ads "Lawn mower, push type. Used vary little and, when used, pushed very slow,” "Wantod: A secretary who looks like a girl--thinks Hito n man—nota Hka tt Incdy—nand worlea Wke on dag,” Pano Moving, If you have a plano ta move, take advan- tage of our export sorvice and enroful ohhandiing. Kindly wood for sale.” —The Rendor's Piront, ‘ to chooose Islam in overwhelm- Under Sudan-. ing. numbers. ese law, schools must teach children the religion of their parents. a ou v we 9% -¢ream - your coffee’ . ‘with. ~ , ay Pacific. .* wie ® ° v: e v- tdo% an % : afte only... 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