yrsday, January 16, 1944 development of the how coal measures prom- the near future to give ent to a large body of completion Stewart- d with the ring ol the pack trail, bringing direct connection port, Stewart fidentialy look forward iinjug the bulk of the One of the first operators chief champion of the ) coal areas is R. C, , Johnston, M. E, He harge of the exploratory the British Columbia te Syndicate, operating | 1eS and withority in the following taken from the British Magazine, on the tne Groundhog ihog ds in tidewater Creek, speaks D! i 1m. . coal. why the steam coals de- Groundhog British most Liient reasons Keless hard { i the . Northern vill play a in the world’s commer- are partly on account inexhaustible grade quality many Further- have the ability amply after being from for- asi by the usual coall Co- | import. almost ind high seams, , their ivily cleaned own, mmels, picking belts devices in yvorue vhen preparing for smokeless coals com- itual includ depots, perio! steam coals Wales or Pocahontas Pennsyl Finally, tain the especial facts parative costs of b ad delivering these it all common points h of the fiong aii ihe the entire Pacific Patagonia, above men LiKe \iaska to China, Siberia and liongkong, and ilia and New Zea- purposes of the of all d mechanically of beds nations ipid from the intersect- curren eams Groundhog district, conciusively the icter of the fin ind the practicabil-| such at any lime essfully to markets as a pro fixed compete ash, high in at the lily adaptabie tor] same time} poses as those se-| ther coal fields rt Groundhog teagrate after igh exposure to the absurd, for all ples already held ed during the last und longer are npacl and as solid on that being | Aus lulely and three still as foday as broken Such a suggestion can only some foolish, lifle error of judging a by the eondilion and ap of its dump, when this ! been weathered and overrun eshly sen from several winters by flooded I‘ after intense eold has und expanded the par- So on the surface of the lips was left any specks of rempining, these heavier ! sinilarty broken for all powdered ma- is here due to blasting and '’ Wasteful custom during imi- “lt development of throwing roof rock together in- ritninately into the same pile. In all hard coal seams, equally surface fo eks ha ma other parts of the world as as here, where this hard is Caused under severe eezing sOriving former immense, thicknesses of glacier nd also from the heat gen- d by the surface movements, hances and subsidences of upper strata, there along ulcrops of the seams occur ice niggerheads, vugs bul superficial of calcite with riz veinlets, These show ! the outside relief from high nm and pressure allowed the waters on evaporating precipitate their residne in and siliea from their heated lions, However, these sedi ' when the mere penetrated and encountered un ised to atmospheric influ All these teehnical facts Jetails are everyday common experienced skilled man are absent TODS are ' parts are most and dge to cng ineers ers, and the want of this prac- ‘! groundwork in 1 classes any their pro- writer, OUNDHOG BIG ISSUE IN DEVELOPMENT THIS COUNTRY ING OF PACK TRAIN WILL PERMIT OF EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT WORK—WORLD NEEDS THE SMOKELESS HARD STEAM COAL Sa conglomerates ed back for on itself, the Queen Charlotte Islands and also of Vancouver v otherwise, as incompetent to speak authoritatively of a oal field, Before giving new further proof of the importance of these ill-adyised result of undigested and incomplete ob- must be nailed to the post as a warning to those in too coal another ment, the deduetions helds, stale. servations, great a hurry to pass an opinion. Che basal geological floor of this coal formation, called the Skeena series, has been hastily assumed a certain ate, dubbed lo be local conglomer- offhand of Jurassic age This not, however, from evidence of fossils, but simply because the hocky Mountain for- mations to the south happen to have a Jurassic underlying stra- tum, By lower here to be the assuming the final limits in depth of the coal, and also by postulating some fearful and wonderful acrobatic feat of a supposed marvellous fold in the formption for over twenty miles in length, and turn- a width of ten miles reology of the Island has been summarily ignored. Likewise the area of coal formation and its commercial possibilities have been thus reduced in their esti- mation to a bare one hundred and seventy square miles, differ- ing from the writer's original one, given afte! two season's work, of seventy miles in length along a north and south line, namely, from the crest of the Groundhog Pass continuously to the Little Klappan, then by a line width at least thirty miles east ind west continuously from east of Doote or Pebble Creek to Panorama Mountain and the headwaters of the Naas River, omprising in all roughly, a ommercial two thousand square iles. As glacial erosion has de- nuded in many parts the upper strata down to these conglomer- ates in dispute, therefore the hasty conclusions have been put forth as insufficient proofs that erosion has destroyed for coal purposes neariy the whole of this great area mentioned, and that the various synclines above left untouched constitute afone small separated areas of coal- bearing seams Only a minute lecision is possible as to the umber of seams left, and so of the tonnage to be estimated from acres measured, on each in- dual square mite, after each ias been systematically examined i ( 1tour maps cf mpleted llowevel a more careful e umination of the rocks in situ \ quickly show the absurdity if restricting the coal-bearing areas to these small synciines Ol troughs, as coal has been found setually outcropping in large seams at short intervals from north to south and from east to over the whole of the area Groundhog to Panorama to wesl mentioned from Klappan, and from Merry Creek, and beyond Zhanny Creek—in fact, up and down the Clau-Than-Than River, Clua-Kaas and branches of the Skeena River to and down the Stikine Klappan, and on tts Clua-Yetse braneh beyond Moccasin Creek, and good coal was brought i from Pitman River, another tributary from the east. These are hard facts that cannot be controverted, and so the theoret- ical government engineers from Ottawa, in their computed tables, are far too low for a correct es- timation of the coal reality in the reserves @X- isting mn great Groundhog district. At present the coal British Golumbia is in a transi- tion stage, and is passing through a parlous eondition for the moment, during such time as certain great financial interests and common carriers are allowed to play battledore and shuttle- cock with the growing and insist- ent demands for a regular and fuel from the Two of the on Van- pur- trade of cheap supply of general community. corporations mining couver Island, for ulterior poses of their own, have wanton- ly ereated strife with their labor, thus throwing the output of the coast coal mines Into chaos from whieh it will find great difficulty in again even resuming its for mer dimensions, and much more THE DAILY NEWS fortunes, reopening pos- sible pit, and for the nonce reap- harvest. From bituminous coals as a stop-gap are being hurriedly brought in by their ag- gressively aclive owners in large cargoes to fill these dislocated home markets, hoping also to become permanent shippers, and likewise to capture the Califor- nian and other markets farther afleld, but formerly won and al- most exclusively supplied by Na- naimo and Comox, every ing a splendid Australia and Japan This importation of outside coal to replace our own, which should reach this coast rather from the interior collieries of the provinee, namely, from those in the Nicola Valley, Similka- meen, Crow's Nest, Banff, Bra- zeau and other Rocky Mountain districts generally, is made pos- sible because railway rates con- necting producers and consum- ers have to date not been proper- ly adjusted by the federal rail- way Commission, for one reason that new railway routes over the Hope Mountains and by the Yellowhead Pass to the Fraser Valley are in the process of con- struction, which when completed will alter and maybe automatic- ally cheapen the present tariffs charged, and which facts account for the former remark that the coal trade of this provinee is in a transition stage. The several coals of the vari- ous local districts have their spe- cifle places in our commerce in accordance with their distinet qualities, the one for cheerful open fireplaces, as the lignites and semi-bituminous another form which to produce gas or a high class coke for metallurgical as the bituminous, and yet another for fuel, as anthracite and semi-anthra- cite in steamers of the merchant purposes, smokeless service and the fighting navies of the world, base-burners and for purposes in towns, where for the sake of health the smoke nuisance must be peremptorily abolished. On account of these several require- ments each individual field -is limited to its special market. also in heating {[t is to enlarge on the new found extensive Groundhog coal fields, containing smokeless coals variety, perhaps the in the world in endless largest area known of similar quantity, that this de- scription is intended Should large industrial enterprises along immediately to start operations, the continu- ous connections with a coal sup- pos- ihe seaboard desire ply are so dislocated on a sible that commercial en- ergy is handicapped. This is ow- ing to a passing lassitude in or- ganization, for the natural wealth of coal in British Columbia is immense, and of a suitable qual- requirements. interests of basis ity to satisfy all Furthermore, the oil the United States, without con- tradiction from capable experts, publish inspired articles broad- cast in the press of the conti- nent, perpetually dinning into the public ear that the age of coal consumption is past, and that oi] alone is the fuel of to- day. The ordinary oil-burning steamers or land locomotives, however, leave a black cloud of pungent smoke in their wake, the air of our cilies which we breathe and with which we coat our reeks with unconsumed carbon from. oil and the Diesel internal combustion engine on @ large scale is still an experiment, There cannot be ignored the possible short life of oil fields, with their strata punctured by new wells, and through human economy of pipe casing the ad- destructive surface Underground oil- thus driving up first into the folded forma- by increasing water pressure forcing the hy- dro-earbons further to exude through the fractured and crack- ed apices to waste gradually into tar sands by volatilization, hav- ing now lost their valuable qual- ities through sun distillation and the effects of atmospheric chem- ical reactions. It will not be long, too, before the owners of oil wells cannot afford further to permit the extravagant, wasteful sale of erude oil, rather than to refine the raw stuff and utilize its sundry more precious separ- ated constituents, eagerly sought after to furnish cheap motive power, and other valuable chem- ieals produced from the residue, Oil stocks, too, are being boomed, lungs base-burners, 1. smone- less mittance of waters to the storing zones, the floating anticlines of the then later oils tion, increasing to a still wider ex in as the wants of the countr tent grow, this once tive industry. the miocene geological strata, and so carrying greatly inferior coal compared with the even somewhat mediocre, dirty, cretaceous seams on Vancouver Island, are now, during our mis- ring in employ Whethey in government y|similar to extremely lucra- rubber The coal mines of |ce! 1 the State of Washington, occur-| and the investing public are temporarily being relieved of their surplus cash by methods those in which the promoters previously ex- led It is now opportune to speak of the sizes of the seams found and aready developed in the Groundhog coal field, The writer had especial charge of the ex- ploratory work on Biernes Greek on behalf of the British ‘ Anthracite Quebec people, active Columbia Who are the most they held in the shape of an in- dustrial, and they obtained also a railway charter, having a gov- ernment subsidy added, so to contro! all items on the outgo- ing cost sheets when marketing their coal. Their seams, corrob- orated by the government engi- neer, Mr. G. 8. Malloch, Mr. James McBvoy, Mr. G. F. Monck- ton, besides the writer, consist of the Benoit. seam (6 feet), Scott seam (9 feet), Garneau seam (4 feet), Ross seam (ap- proximately 20 feet), Pelletier seam (6 feet), all these in the lower coal along Biernes Creek, with others showing three miles farther up over an anti- cline, but not yet developed. In the upper series on Anthracite Creek, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (a, 4 feet 9 inches; b, 3 feet; c, 5 feet 9 inches) the lower series ‘consti- tute a total thickness of about 15 feet; the upper series do not series cover much of this syndicate’s 67 square miles, but their total tonnage otherwise places them far beyond anxiety for one hun- dred years. The best analyses on each seam gave as follows: Fixed Volatile Sul Mois- Seam Carbon Matter phur Ash ture Benoit 84.00 4.5 1.0 5.00 4.5 Scott voenteaneo §6§€.6 0.8 *401:00 ©3.5 Garneau... 82.50 4.0 1.0 8.50 4.0 Ross ...... 80.94 9.33 0.77 8.96 . Pelletier 83.50 3.50 1.00 7.50 4.5 No. 1 . 74.76 13.51 0.46 14.57 NO. te eo bas 73.36 6.74 0.12 19.74 No. 3 . 86.74 6.98 045 6.45 These analyses can be corob- orated, and excelled in bulk form run of mine by cleaned products from all the seams, and with some careful preparation § will compare more than favorably with typical Welsh or Pennsyl- vania coals, whose analyses are given under: Fixed Volatile Sul Mois- Locality Carbon Matter phur Ash ture Welsh Albion Cardiff. 85.15 8.65 6.14 3.24 2.81 Bryn Biaen 84.60 7.40(0.20) 6.05 1.95 Best Admiralty Steam 83.40 12.20 0.70 2.80 0.90 Cardiff Dry Steam 85.50 11.00 0.80 2.00 O70 Best Mon mouthshire Steam 75.50 20.50 0.80 2.20 1.00 Swansea Dry Steam 85.50 10.00 0.90 2.60 1.00 West Virginia— Pocahontas 80.10 13.59 0.14 5.15 1.02 Elk Cardin 80.67 11.68 0.09 6.45 1.11 Pennsylvania— Wilkesbarre 83.97 3.77 0.15 8.64 3.47 Lackawana. 81.71 6.79 0.35 8.01 3.13 Ave. 30 crs. 84.00 3.80 0.50 8.40 3.30 Lehigh Coal, Market Sizes— 49 Lehigh Egg 88 3.51 0,60 6.66 14.72 Lehigh Stove 83.07 4.15 0.57 10.17 1.42 Lehigh Nut 80.71 4.04 0.84 12.66 1.73 Lehigh Pea 79.04 3.89 0.69 14.64 1.70 Lehigh Buck wheat 76.91 The analyses of Lehigh coal, with its various sizes for market (and the smaller the size, the greater the ash) is a good criterion to beat. But there can now be no doubt that the salient reasons given at the beginning of this article why Groundhog smokeless, hard steam coals will play a most im- portant part in the world’s com- mereial future, are fully already substantiated by carefully piled facts and evidence. Next concerning the costs of production and delivery in order to compete everywhere along the seaboard of the whole Pacific Ocean. It must not be forgotten that to supply the Orient and all American points, distances are greatly in favor of the Ground- hog coal flelds. Pennsylvania's annual output of anthracite coals is approximately 83,000,000 short tons (valued per short ton at seaboard, lump $4.75, egg $5.00, steam coal as pea $3.25, for long ton $3.54 Any of this Penn- sylvania or Virginian, as well as the Welsh, will have to pass through the Papama Canal be- fore being able to compete. The price of Welsh coal is ap- purposes com- proximately for the year’s aver- age, 23s. 3d. ($5.63 per long ton). Freight rates from Welsh ports to Hongkong are 15s. 3d,; Sydney, Australia, 12s. 6d.; Chili, 18s. 6d. Groundhog coal can be kept at the pil’s mouth al $4.00, or f. ©. b. on Portland Canal at $5.00. ‘ On a daily output of 5,000 tons a yearly profit of over $3,000,000 can be demonstrated, which jis equal to ten per cent. profit on a eapital on paper of $30,000,000, or twenty per cent, on a sum of $15,000,000, By owning a railway to carry the coal down the Naas River to the seaboard, one hundred and fifty miles away, also a fleet of steam colliers to convey the pro- duct from there to any and all of the ports on the Pacific, where will be established depots for bunker coal to supply steamers, there will be ample sale for such a proposed output, and an im- mense new market developed on account of the opening of the Panama Canal. Working capital of approxi- mately $9,000,000 will be advis- able to purchase, develop, equip, construc! the railway, terminals, own a fleet and acquire depots abroad, still leaving an attract. Syndicate, among being Messrs, Leon Benoit and J. G. Seott, They, with their colleagues, spared no necessary expense to demonstrate thoroughly what As children, our first de- mand is for nourishment; our second for facts. All through life we go about searching for information. We make a new acquaintance; but before we will accept him as a friend or invite him to our home we ask for facts about him. We visit a foreign land; and from the moment we step across its border we are asking questions— searching for facts. We are asked to try a new food product; isn’t it instindtive with us to ask at once: “Who makes this new article ?” “How is it made ? what goes into it ?”” “Is it worth the price charged for it ?”” Facts—we are simply hungry for them. Strange, isn’t it, that we should so often have to search for them > Odd, that some manufacturers still withhold the facts about their product. Not always because they are facts to be ashamed of—for there are many worthy articles yet unadvertised. But it will not be so much longer. The fact-hunger of the human race is becoming keener and keener. The more: facts we get, the keener our relish for more of them. Soon it will be impossible to sell a man or a woman anythin until everything has been told about the goods that can be tol through Advertising. The public has discovered that Advertising tells much-needed facts— that, in fact, Advertising satisfies fact-hunger. If you are doing a local business talk over your advertising problems with the Advertising Departmeat of this newspaper. If you are doing a provincial or national business it would be well for to have the counsel and assistance of a good advertising agency. A list of these will be furnished, without cost or obligation, by the Secretary of Canadian Press Association, (10) Room 503, Lumsden Building, Toronto. { ive margin to cover promotion| — 4.05 0.71 16.62 1,09]All these facts and figures given and tabulated can be accurately substantiated departments are in and ness offer to the investing public one of the most attractive indus- for invesment,. further possibility It took years to induce to entertain the scheme of railway, but this Groundhog coal field, on account of its proximily to seaboard and the special qual- ity and quantity of its coal, can- not long go begging, as its proe- duct has few competitors.—Port- land Gana) Miner. As a large taxpayer, mont will advocate sane spending methods in city affairs. terests are the ratepayers’ inter- See that he is elected for A EST RR SET BOT aR Tera ra iT: — Pie om AS ESET "ia wont SS profits. | f¢ and produce when the full from their compact- later, Henry Birks B Sons Lt, mere seldom for permanency and for enkanced during 1913. Crow's and ployed small errors in despatching orders are bound to occur. collieries directed to them personally. To ali we send sincere wishes for a happy New Year. McCly- Hie in JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS 4 Geo, E. Trorey, Managing Director Thank their many out-of-town patronage during the past year Looking backward from the threshold of 1914 we cannot but con- Qratulate ourselves on the splendid increase of our out-of-town business Therefore, on account of the staunch support and this dis- play of confidence in our service, we must thank our many out-of-town friends for their patronage during the past year. We do not claim that our service is perfect beyond mistakes, for where so many hands are em- however, when brought to our notice, are rectified with the utmost haste and care, while we are particular that our customer shall suffer no loss. We trust that each of our customers will interpret this message as tes Henry Birks G Sons, Limited VANCOUVER, B.C —= Alderman, 9-10 a a ee + kkk ENVELOPES I RIN | ING LETTERHEADS BUSINESS CARDS Summer is over and the Fall trade has begun. FOLDERS To get your share you must have some sort of printed matter—a circular, folder, booklet or cata- SHIPPING logue. Be sure to have that work done properly. TAGS You would not send out a shabby salesman to BLOTTERS represent you; then don’t make the mistake of VISITING CARDS sending out a poorly printed circular or booklet. BALL We are QUALITY PRINTERS and can produce a PROGRAMMES piece of printed matter that you would be proud of and which will get results. Try us. Phone 98. MENU CARDS == BILLHEADS THE co DA ] L Y N E WS JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT PARRA AOA AAA IAAI A AAAI AAI A IIIA AIAN — — ee i Keke ste i