sJWrfl
PAGE
FOTO
IBIBOE
Hj
i
..I
.
-
:
:
Tar-
;:c"
i.
i-
...iiv,.
u.j.isij
nunc
inu
some
concrete;
t
,
,
although
in
England
today
there
are
as
many
timber
waterfront
structures
V"
.
VJ,:WV.
s
H"liLt9?ta"ca
permanent
types.
o7?lL
rfcour.
It
will
be
creored
in
MlTL
,"C,0pn,e"1
"!
Annually
tor
ftve
years
the
locaPcreejeWntsj
cWfpatry
has
stripped
to'
the
Pi
i
nwuth
Drydocks
and
Engineering
Company
in
EngtandbVut
one
half
million
feet
of
creosoted
Douglas
fir
for
extensions
to
its
docks
and
wbarves.
L,ERE92k.,?.EWCASTLE'
MIDDLESBROUGH,
PLY-MOUTH.
GARSTON,
and
other
United
Kingdom
ports
annually
purchase
mi
lions
of
feet
of
American
yellow
pine
andDouglas
fir
from
Oregon,
Washington
and
British
Columbia
for
their
waterfront
,
the
daily
irswa
PORT
OF
LONDON
In
the
port
of
LONDON
many
important
timber
structures
have
given
excellent
service
for
in.
my
years.
With
concrete
structures,
the
same
disintegration
aa
noted
on
this
continent
is
reported.
After
only
12
years'
service,
reinforced
concrete
jetties
in
the
Thames
estuary
sliowed
"serious
deterioration."
Other
concrete
jetties
gave
similar
results.
UNITED
STATES
GOVERNMENT
REPORTS
Coming
to
this
continent
ami
to
the
harbour
of
BOSTON
we
find
numerous
piers
constructed
t
timber,
notably
Commonwealth
Piers
No.
1
and
No.
5.
In
the
latter,
timber
piling,
decking,
shed
walls
and
roof
are
of
timber.
From
late
United
States
government
rcporty
we
read
the
following
regarding
BOSTON
harbour
concrete
structures:
"Practically
aU
contrite
structures
reported
upon
show
deterioration
"and
moat
of
them
severe
damage,
and
while
in
the
light
of
present
"knowledge
of
concrete
construction,
improvement
in
the
quality
of
"concrete
could
undoubtedly
be
made,
it
seem
very
itcstion.-fble
"whether
Portland
cement
concrete
without
mrrlwnical
protection,
"auch
as
granite
facing,
and
a
binding
medium
which
will
better
"resist
chemical
attack,
could
be
expected
to
give
long
life
"
Of
other
concrete
etrneturcs
along
the
coast
of
NEW
ENGLAND,
the
same
report
reads:
"The
service
records
of
concrete
structures
which
could
lie
obtained,
"do
not
show
that
thec
structures
have
been
very
satisfactory
in
"these
waters,
aneT
long
lite
should
not
he
expected
unless
the
surface
"is
protected
from
mechanical
and
chemical
attack."
NEW
YORK
Prefers
Timber
At
to
the
world-famous
NEW
YORK
harbour,
this
United
States
Government
report
states
as
follows:
"There
arc
comparatively
few
concrete
and
almost
no
metallic
"structures
in
(hit
arbour
in
proportion
to
the
total
number
of
"structures.
There
are
a
number
of
concrete
structures
at
the
Navy
"Yard
built
at
various
times
and
by
various
methods,
and
tnauy
o
"them
have
deteriorated
seriously,
both
on
account
of
chemical
action
'
"and
the
action
of
ice.
The
record
of
concrete
structures
is
not
such
"as
justifies
the
drawing
eft
conclusions
regarding
them."
Of
approximately
275
wharves
in
the
BALTIMORE
harbour,
lest
than
1
are
on
concrete
foundations.
Due
to
Baltimore's
experience
with
concrete,
water
and
frost
causing
disintegration,
all
puMic,
work
along
Baltimore
waterfront
it
being
done
with
timber.
Along
the
CAROLINA
COAST
32
reinforced
concrete
lighthouse
structures
were
built
by
the
United
States
C.ovcrnment
in
1912
and
ll
J.
Five
years
later,
inspection
reports
indicated,
where
the
water
is
salt,
the
cracks
in
the
reinforced
concrete
piles
are
more
serious
and
the
rein
totting
rods
are
exposed
and
rusted
"iway
in
places.
Piece
of
concrete
have
cracked
off
in
placet.
"Three
of
"years
after
"to
resnf--
Creosot
J
Pslmg
Replace
Concrete
Timber
Predomir
NEW
ORLEAV
ve
structures
were
destroyed
about
five
ttd
creosoted
piles
were
used
in
pittwWspe
The
reasons
for
the
change
to
creosoted
tid
the
shock
of
collision
when
'
ding
vessels
navigating
the
river,
and
ret
requirements."
n
GULF
TORTS
Construction
ia!
wharf
frontage
of
62.000
feet.
75'
:n
decking
and
only
S'n
of
rehuOrrrd
1
'
i
'
i
itegratcd.
-
'
'
ties
are
now
building
creosoted
wharves
wl!h
fire
wai.
t-
1
eel,
from
low
water
to
four
feet
above
the
shed
roof.
Of
17
piers
in
GALVESTON
harbour,
five
only
are
on
concrete
foundations.
All
others
ire
creosoted
timber
construction,
tome
having
30
years'
service
and
Mill
sound.
SAN
FRANCISCO
Creosoted
Piling
Still
Sound
After
38
Years'
Service
In
SAN
FRANCISCO
and
LOS
ANQELES
there
are
a
great
many
creosoted
timber
structuns.
and
it
was
in
OAKLAND
harbour
that
the
Southern
Pacific
Rnilsy
built
its
famous
lug
Wharf
of
creosoted
Douglas
fir
piling
and
dickiiig,
the
oldest
of
wjtich
had
been
In
service
29
years
when
the
wl
ati
waa
dismantled
to
allow
for
a
new
harbour
development,
and
7i'.'t
ti
thcac
piles,
after
29
rears'
service,
were
found
so
sound
that
they
were
re-driven,
so
that
up
to
date
they
have
had
38
years'
service
Of
the
concrete
structures
in
LOS
ANOBLKSand
SAN
FRANCItCO
harbours
there
hat
been
a
continuous
record
of
deterioration
and
failure,
in
spite
of
probably
more
experimentation
ami
a
greater
variety
of
designs
for
concrete
structures
tlun
have
been
tested
anywhere
rise
on
this
continent.
Today
the
Harbour
Commission
of
LOS
ANGELES
will
not
use
reinforced
concrete
piles
unless
they
are
treated
in
huge
ttcel
cylinders
with
hot
asphalt,
impregnating
the
porous
concrete
op
to
an
inch
or
l!j
inches.
LOS
ANGELES
Harbour
Engineer
States
Concrete
Disintegrates
Within
II
Years
As
far
back
at
December,
1926.
the
Harbour
Engineer
of
Lot
Angeles
wrote
in
the
Engineering
Newt
Record,
the
principal
engineering
periodical
in
the
United
States,
the
following:
"The
untreated
reinforced
concrete
piling
made
both
carefully
and
"scientifically,
as
in
tin-
case
ol
some
of
the
best
piling
in
Lot
Ansielct
"harbour,
deteriorates
within
II
years
to
the
extent
that
in
some
"instances
one-third
of
the
cross-section
is
affected
and
it
is
realized
"that
it
will
be
a
practical
impossibility
to
stop
this
disintegration."
He
further
statea:
"Marked
deterimation
ha
developed
in
concrete
used
in
the
Pacific
"Coast
porta.
Disintegration
evidently
began
a
abort
time
after
the
"concrete
was
placed.
il
although
the
progress
was
apparently
alow
"for
the
first
few
ycaiu
tt
there
apwui
to
have
been
a
nwrijfW
advance
in
the
rate
(
deeom
position
after
the
age
of
approsfipftyy
"7
or
8
years
bad
beciqAatnexL
',.
a
"In
LOS
ANGELES)
plain
or
cast
concrete
piling,
both
untreated
"and
painted,
and
also
the
same
type
ol
piling,
containing
different
"admixtures
tad
compound
for
producing
as
dense
a
concrete
as
"possible,
have
shown
a
serious
iHtmtegration.
This
was
noticeable
"at
thl
age
of
approximately
8
rears,
but
has
progressed
much
more
"rapidly
during
the
past
three
to
five
years,
tome
of
the
concrete
"piling
being
II
years
in
place,
while
others
have
seen
14
ytari
of
"service.
These
results
indicate
the
need
pf
pressure
treating
of
"piling
with
asphalt
or
other
agents
to
teal
the
pores
of
the
concrete."
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
LUMBER
and
SHINGLE
MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION
and
mm
1
Pi
1
t
the
People
f
Bsit
3sb
CoIibsbbMs
SOMEWHAT
misleading
statements
and
mistaken
impressions
concerning
the
recent
fire
at
the
Canadian
National
Railway
pier
in
Vancouver
are
seriously
threatening
to
injure
British
Columbia's
basic
industry
at
home
and
in
the
markets
of
the
world.
Timber
is
British
Columbia's
foremost
industry.
One
man
in
every
four
employed
in
the
entire
province
is
a
timber
worker.
-$1.00
out
of
every
$3.00
of
total
wages
paid
in
this
province
goes
to
the
timber
worker.
Consequently
the
majority
of
the
citizens
of
this
province
are
vitally
interested
in
matters
affecting
this
great
industry.-
It
is
fit
then
that
the
following
FACTS
be
placed
before
the
General
Public.
Canadian
National
Pier
Fire
Whenever
a
fire
of
mm
magnitude
occur,
whether
in
a
marine
strut-ture
or
one
built
on
land,
there
is
raited
a
general
hue
and
cry
against
the
ate
of
t
idler
and
in
favor
of
using
tome
to-called
"permanent
contraction,
such
as
concrete.
Designing
engineers,
aad
the
public
generally,
liave
ben
educated
and
propagandized
by
the
very
efficient
cement
industry
organizations,
to
consider
that
concrete
is
the
panacea
for
all
ill.
Concrete
propaganda
has
been
well
organized
and
executed,
and
timber
hat
suffered
because
,
the
timber
industry
is
not
as
strongly
organized
to
advertise
to
the
general
public
the
merits
of
this
important
material
for
construction.
We
have
so
with
to
discredit
concrete
as
a
valuable
construction
material.
It
has
its
uses
of
maximum
.benefit,
just
at
have
timber
and
steel
We
have
the
profonndest
respet
for
the
effective
work
of
the
propaganda
bareaus
or
the
cement
industry;
in
fact,
we
wish
onr
timber
industry
were
as
soundly
organized
for
advertising
the
merits
of
our
own
timber
products.
The
recent
Canadian
National
pier
fire
here
has
afforded
an
excellent
opportunity
for
concrete
propaganda.
Immediately
following
this
fire
a
general
cry
was
raised
throughout
the
city
that
reconstruction
of
this
dock
and
the
building
of
all
furore
waterfront
structures
should
be
done
with
concrete.
'
Investment
Must
Pay
Interest
-
The
fire
risk
is
only
one
of
the
more
important
featurea
that
must
be
taken
into
consideration
by
owners
of
structures,
and
provided
for
by
the
owners
aad
engineers
or
designers.
The
principal
point
to
consider
is
what
money
must
be
spent
to
permit
the
facility
to
pay
a
return
on
the
capital
invested.
That
must
be
the
main
and
deciding
consideration.
Fire
Preventive
Measures
Essential
in
Concrete
as
Well
as
Timber
Structures
Regardless,
then,
of
what
materials
of
construction
are
atacd,
fire
prevention
measures
are
as
necessary
in
the
case
of
concrete
construction,
as
with
timber,
and
no
concrete
dock
is
considered
safe
unless
a
sprinkler
systen
is
Installed,
the
same
as
with
timber
construction.
Likewise,
tire
walls
are
required
in
concrete
piers
aa
well
as
in
timber
ones.
Modern
engineering
science
has
evolved
methods
of
very
materially
reducing
fire
risk
m
ALL
structures.
.-
It
ia
admitted
that
a.
timber
pier
it
more
Kkety
to
catch
fire
than
a
coecrete
one,
aad
the
increased
rule
Is
fully
considered
by
the
fire
underwriters,
who
make
their
rates
accordingly,
such
rates
being
included
by
the
owners
and
engineers
m
arriving
at
the
cost
per
year
of
life
of
the
structure.
For
timber
pier
construction
moat
cities
require
timber
fire
walla
extending
below
the
pier
deck
and
down
to
low
water.
Solid
bridging
shoo
Id
be
used
between
stringers
every
third
bent
m
order,
to
eliminate
"floe
action."
Fire
Boats
Demanded
for
Years
In
every
harbour
half
the
size
of
Vancouver
there
is
at
least
one
fire
boat
Seattle
has
five.
In
the
case
of
the
recent
fire
the
fire
walls
and
curtains
below
the
deck
and
the
sprinkler
system
were
not
completed
and
there
was
no
fireboat
protection.
Creosoted
Timber
Reduces
Fire
Hazard
The
American
Railway
Engineering
Association
published
a
report
of
their
committee
on
wooden
bridges
and
trestles,
and
specifical'
'
stat
in
treated
timber
the
fire
hazard
is
somewhat
reduced
-timber.
Concerning
fire
risks
in
woo4ei
'nir!r.
-
;
1
tr,
.
,
theae
risks
are
not
hazardous
when
;
r.'.cr
.
.m-i
,
.
,
only
to
instance
the
fact
that
in
the
11
.a
largely
on
wooden
pilea
and
with
wood
pu.
road.,
constructed
buildings
and
hundreda
of
thousands
of
feet
o,
:
in
ita
yards,
no
fires
occurred
over
a
period
of
better
than
one-.,
a
century
in
spite
of
the
open
fire
that
continuously
blazed
at
that
pL
We
have
only
to
look
about
our
harbour
for
other
prooft
of
the
scant
fire
risk
there
it
in
timber
construction
when
normal
fire
preventive
measures
have
been
taken.
Absence
of
Harbour
Fire
Prevention
Regulations
It
has
been
rumored
that
there
is
no
local
authority
to
dictate
to
owners
of
waterfront
property
fire
preventive
measures
to
be
used
in
connection
with
their
marine
structures.
If
this
is
a
fact,
It
ia
a
serious
affair,
and
should
not
longer
be
tolerated,
and
certainly
out
timber
as
a
owstrwrtiow
raitesfcl
aad
the
backbooe
of
the
wealth
of
this
province.
H
befog
serfettafy
dhcountenanedd
and
is
ia
a
position
of
being
discriminated
agates,
because
these
h
no
fire
boat
protection.
r.T-$sC9fFLH?,U,.,J.SnSSCI.lP1l0F
THIS
STATEMENT
OF
rAlSi.irIi-1ilJST
AGREE
THAT
TIMBER
CONSTRUCTION
DOES
NOT
PROVIDE
ANY
UNDUE
FIRE
RISK
THAT
MODERN
SCIENCE
CANMOT
EFFECTIVELY
TAKE
CARE
OF.
AND
THERE
IS
NO
EVIDENCE
WHATEVER
THAT
IT
IS
ONLY
BKCAWE
OF
TIMBER
CONSTRUCTION
THAT
THE
CANADIAN
NATIONAL
RAILWAY
PIER
BURNED.
CONCRETE
NOT
PERMANENT
We
come
now
to
the
consideration
of
whether
or
not
concrete,
as
oppoaed
to
timber,
really
affords
"permanent"
construction.
The
word
"pettitaaent'
here
is
a
misnomer.
To
begin
with,
there
is
a
mass
of
evidence
that
reinforced
concrete
in
sea
water
is
very,
very
far
from
being
permanent;
in
fact,
it
has
proven
no
more
permanent
than
has
creosoted
timber.
On
the
other
hand,
should
a
marine
structure
be
built
of
something
that
really
is
permanent,
such
as
solid
masonry
wharves
and
quays,
faced
with
granite
blocks,
then
history
indicates
that
the
very
permanence
of
such
a
structure
in
about
25
or
30
years
after
construction,
is
a
nrtghty
eapensive
thing,
because
obsolescence
in
marine
structures
has
been
very
rapid
during
the
past
half-century,
and
there
is
every
reason
to
believe
that
it
will
continue
at
the
tame
rate
during
the
next
half-century,
and
who
of
us
can
tell
what
width
and
length
and
height
of
piers
our
shipping
is
going
to
require
25
years
hence?
OLD
COUNTRY
Persists
in
Timber
Construction
England,
being
without
timbers
of
large
structural
sites
and
of
necessity
importing
them
at
high
cost
from
a
distance,
frequently
,
'
used
construction
tnatrriaU
rlnu
1..
Read
the
e
Facts
ER
Harbour
Engineer
Testifies
to
'Long
Life
Service
of
Creosoted
Douglas
Fir
Timbers
lit
a
letter
written
in
1926
by
the
same
Harbour
Engineer,
he
says:
"I
am
pleased
to
adviae
that
areosoted
Douglas
fir
piling
have
been
"u&ett
under
Harbour
Department
wharves
and
piers,
founded
in
salt
"water,
at
the
port
ol
Lot
Angeles
for
a
period
of
approximately
17
"years,
and
are
at
this
writing
in
an
excellent
state
of
preservation."
He
further
writes:
"There
are
several
instances
where
creosoted
Douglas
fir
piling
"have
been
used
under
private
wharves
in
Lot
Angeles
harbour
for
"a
period
of
37
years."
The
same
Chief
Engineer,
in
an
address
before
the
American
Association
of
Port
Authorities,
and
after
having
made
a
thorough
personal
investigation
of
port
facilities
throughout
Europe
and
the
United
States,
said
the
following:
"For
the
porta
situated
in
a
timber
country,
such
as
the
Pacific
"Northwest,
it
is
the
writer's
opinion
that
the
building
of
the
creosoted
"pile
type
of
wharf
structure
and
timber
sheds
is
more
advisaMe.
"such
structures
haVe
a
life
of
probably
30
rears
or
more,
which
is
"about
the
economical
useful
Hie
of
such
a
facility.
On
the
other
"hand,
in
that
length
of
time,
the
concrete
wharf,
particularly
the
"shed,
may
become
obsolete,
since
mechanical
freight-handling
equip
"nicnt
for
quitk
despatch
of
cargoes
is
constantly
changing
and
may
"demand
a
new
design
of
facility
altogether.
"The
creosoted
tli
can
always
be
replaced
or
changed
at
any
time,
"as
well
as
any
part
of
thf
transit
shed,
at
a
nominal
expense.
High
Coat
of
Cewcrete
Piers
Not
Justified
"it
has
no!
'Veil
We
livnn
staked
that
concrete
ia
permanent
in
salt
"nater.
in
wttlclrcasc
tlnVMNtd
cost
s
in
no
way
justified.
If
it
"does
prove
permanent
then
the
physical
life
of
the
wharf
would
"exceed
ii
nsisful
life.
Inch
ia
not
economical
Also,
a
given
amount
"of
money
can
lie
nude
to
produce
more
terminal
facilities
to
handle
"new
business
than
could
be
provided
if
a
more
expensive
type
of
construction
were
adopted."
Tie
Assistant
Harbour
Engineer
in
SAN
FRANCISCO,
wrote
in
a
toward
the
end
oi
last
year
the
following:
"Assurance
cannot
be
cxiressyd
in
regard
to
the
durability
of
"rein
forced
concrete
A
great
deal
retnaius
to
be
effecttsj
by
the
Miaunccr.
First,
in
frankly
acknowledging
the
limitations
of
concrete
"fat
protecting,
steel
exposed
to
the
electro-litea
of
the
sea;
and
then,
ln
educating
tWosvhrra
t
the
necessity
of
maintaining
these
struc-"tares
by
periodic
painting
and
occasional
repairs."
.
..
Vancouver's
Competitor
Ports
In
SEATTLE
and
TACOMA
and
PORTLAND,
our
nearest
corn,
pctitors
in
shipping,
not
one
reinforced
concrete
harbour
facility
hat
been
erected.
The
latest
report
of
Portland's
Ccanmiatton
of
Public
Docks
shows
three
terminals,
two
drydocks.
eight
general
cargo
docks,
eight
grain
and
flour
docks,
four
gram
elevator
docks,
seven
lumber
docks
and
rigln
oil
docks,
all
of
timber
conttruetien.
That
tells
us
own
story.
This
port
must
to
utc
itt
fundt
at
to
provide
sufficient
port
facilities,
varied
as
to
type
for
the
different
uses
required,
to
place
trie
port
of
Vancouver
in
a
favorable
competing
position,
especially
with
ita
immediate
neighbors.
Too
costly
wharves
and
piers
cannot
be
made
to
pay
even
Interest
on
the
capital
invested,
let
alone
a
premium.
Of
New
York's
S78
Miles
of
Waterfront
Construction,
349
Mites
Are
of
Timber
Further,
with
reference
to
the
harbour
of
NEW
YORK,
the
Chief
Engineer
ot
New
York's
Department
ot
Docks,
advises
that
between
H'
and
',
of
New
York's
578
miles
of
waterfront
structure
are
of
wood
construction.
Standard
construction
detaiia
durhsK
the
past
15
years
have
called
for
6-inch
cntofl
walls
every
300
feet,
extending
from
low
water
to
the
under
aide
of
the
dock
of
piers
to
prevent
the
spread
of
under-dn
k
fires,
also
frequent
manholes
in
the
deep
to
give
firemen
access.
NEW
YORK
harbour
has
had
no
serious
fires
for
years,
and
the
Chief
Engineer
favors
timber
construction
sn
compsred-with
concrete
because
of
the
lower
cost,
greater
resilience
and
dsotseenet.
The
Chief
Engineer
of
NEW
YORK'S
Department
of
Docks
and
Ferries,
in
the
transactions
of
the
American
Society
of
Civil
Engineers,
stated:
"IT
IS
REPEATED
THAT
THE
WOODEN
PIER
AS
BUII.T
"IN
NEW
YORK
HARBOUR
BECAUSE
IT
WAS
EASILY
RKMOVED
AND
RECONSTRUCTED
WAS
ONE
OF
Til
K
"GREATEST
FACTORS
IN
DEVELOPING
THE
HARBOR
"FACILITIES.
Instead
of
the
shipping
being
compelled
to
adapt
"itself
to
the
erection
and
operation
of
massive
permanent
structures
"located
along
the
waterfront,
at
in
English
and
Continental
harbors
"where
there
are
stone
quays
and
piers,
the
structures
for
berthing
"vessete
and
taking
care
of
cargoea
in
New
York
harbour
were
erected
"to
sneet
conditions
of
shipping
as
these
con
d
Won
s
developed,
and
"increased
facilities
were
required.
Many
Advantages
in
Timber
Construction
There
arc
many
advantages
in
the
use
of
timber
waterfront
utilities,
among
them
being:
(1)
Lowest
initial
cost
(2)
Lowest
cost
per
year
of
useful
life.
(3)
Quickest
erection.
(4)
Ease
of
modification
and
alteration
to
suit
changing
conditions
of
shipping.
(5)
Salvage
value
of
creosoted
timber
and
piling
at
the
end
of
useful
We,
(6)
The
pile
structure
does
not
affect
materially
the
currents
and
addict
about
a
wharf,
at
would
solid
construction.
(7)
Timber
pile
wharves
are
more
elastic.
Ships
will
shun
a
wharf
that
putt
all
tha
destructive
force
of
impact
on
the
ship.
THIS
GROWING
PORT
OF
VANCOUVER
SHOULD.
FOLLOW
THE
FRUITFUL
POLICY
OF
THE
GREAT
PORT
OP
NEW
YORK.
AND
nUILD
SO
IT
CAN
QUICKLY"
AND
ECONOMICALLY
ADAtT
ITS
WATERFRONT
FACILITIES
TO
TIM-:
CHANGING
CONDITIONS
OF
SHIPPING;
AND,
LOCATED
AS
IT
IS.
IN
ONE
OF
THE
WORLD'S
GREATEST
TIMBER
STANDS,
SHOULD
UTILIZE
ITS
NATIVE
WOOD
TO
THIS
END.
,
MANY
IMPORTANT
VISITORS
ANNUALLY
INSPECT
Ot'R
1IARBOUR
AND
IF
WE
CANNOT
SHOW
FAITH
IN
OUR
OWN
TIMBER
BY
USING
IT
OURSELVES.
HOW
CAN
WE
EXPECT
TO
MARKET
IT
ABROAD?
,v
OUR
HARBOUR
SHOULD
BE
OUR
BEST
SHOW
WINDOW
FOR
THE
TIMBER
WE
WISH
TO
SELL.
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
LOGGERS
ASSOCIATION