FAOE
TEN
THE
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NEWS
ATLIN
FISHERIES
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Red
53
P.
O.
Box
1693
LIMITED
FISH
DEALERS
FRESH
FISH
MILD
CURED
SALMON
Representing
NEW
ENGLAND
FISH
CO.
Boston
New
York
,
Ketchikan
THE
CANADIAN
FISHING
CO.
LTD.
Vancouver
and
Iiutedale
Provincial
Government
Dock
Prince
Rupert,
B.C.
A.
W.
Edge
Co
GLASS
IMPORTERS
PLATE,
SHEET,
WIRED,
ART,
FIGURED,
COLORED,
PRISM,
Etc.
Second
Avenue
SMITH
&
MALLETT,
LTD.
Pioneer
Plumbing
and
Heating
Contractors
Prince
Rupert,
R.C.
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274
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:
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Phone
174
WE
INVITE
YOU
TO
INSPECT
OUR
MODERN
PLUMBING
FIXTURES
for
the
home
w
!
ROMANTIC
STORY
OF
CANADA
AND
THE
MEN
WHO
HELPED
TO
MAKE
HER
READY
FOR
CONFEDERATION
IN
1K67
(continued
from
page
eight)
site
of
Portage
La
Prairie.
Month
after
month,
La
Verendrye
pressed
on
hU
difficult
way
across
the
western
plaint
!
until
the
Rockies
barred
his
way
to
the
Pacific.
It
was
New
.
Year's
day
Jn
1
1743.
Sixteen
years
later
Montcalm
fell,
fatally
wounded,
on
the
plains
of
Abraham.
The
old
regime
In
New
France
was
neartng
Its
close.
NOVA
SCOTIA
GOVERNMENT
Meanwhile,
how
fared
It
In
the
marl-time
province
of
old
Acadia?
We
hate
seen,
how,
following
on
the
heels
of
Charaplain,
James
I.
granted
the
whole
peninsula
of
Nova
.Scotla
to
Sir
William
Alexander.
He
had,
too,
created
an
order
of
baronets.
With
Port
Royal
as
their
capital,
the
French
still
remained.
Acadia
changes
hands
back
and
forth
until
1713,
when
It
finally
passed
under
the
flag
of
Oreat
Britain.
There
followed
a
period
of
rule
with
all
powei
vested
In
the
governor
who
appointed
a
council
of
13.
Port
Royal
changed
Its
name
to
Annapolis.
Annapolis
was
the
official
centre
of
government
but
It
was
said
that
British
authority
diminished
In
ratio
to
d'stance
from
Anna-
polls.
Representative
government
was
only
a
question
of
time:
and
to
Nova
Scotia
goes
the
honor
of
establishing
the
first
representative
assembly
In
Canada.
Eleven
months
before
Wolfe
fell
on
the.
plains
of
Abraham,
Nova
Scotia
set
up
her
first
legislative
assembly.
It
met
on
October
7,
1758,
In
the
court
house
at
the
corner
of
Argyle
and
Buckingham
streets,
Halifax
representative
but
not
yet
responsible
government.
The
assembly
met
with
Impressive
formalities.
,
The
governor
reminded
.the
people's
representatives
of
the
fleets
and
armies
sent
by
Britain
and
of
the
sums
voted
by
Parliament
for
the
support
of
the
Colony,
"The
well-nigh
autocratic
nature
of
the
governor's
office,"
reads
one
account,
"was
recognized
by
himself
and
by
the
House."
Charles
Dickens
paid
the
Assembly
a
visit
In
1840.
He
witnessed
the
opening
of
the
session.
"Like
looking
at
Westminster
through
the
wrong
end
of
a
telescope,"
was
the
curt
but
diverting
description.
In
Prince
Edward
Island,
the
first
legislature
met
in
1773;
In
New
Brunswick
in
1786.
BRITAIN
ENTERS
And
now
not
only
Acadia
but
New
France
was
to
pass
into
British
hands.
The
capture
of
Quebec
was
followed
by
hive
capitulation
of
Montreal
and
under
the
euWquent
treaty
of
Parts
came
the
cession
of
Canada
to
Great
Britain.
The
rule
of
France
was
at
an
end.
Subsequent
years
saw
in
Canada
by
the
St.
Lawrence
the
gradual
emergence
first
of
representative
then
of
respon
sible
government.
But
'it
did
not
i
come,
any
more
than
It
came
in
Oreat
I
Britain
iteotY
withtut
a
time
ftt
stress
and
trial.
The
cession
was
followed
by
the
establishment
under
the
Quebec
Act,
of
a
nominated
council
but,
not
a
representative
assembly:
And,
after?
the
American
war
of
Independence,
there
flocked
Into
Canada
large
bodies
of
loyalists
who
settled
In
the
Marltlmes
and
along
the
stretch
of
river
and
lake
from
Montreal
west
to
Detroit.
Dls
content
arose.
Racial
antagonism
created
friction.
Canada
was
divided
by
the
Constitutional
Act
Into
Upper
und
Lower
Canada.
To
each
was
given
a
legislature
consisting
of
two
houses.
a
nominated
council
and
a'
legislative
assembly.
Mrs.
Slmcoe,
wife
of
the
first
lieutenant-governor
of
Upper
Canada,
has
left
us
an
entertaining
diary
of
life
In
Upper
Canada
during
Its
first
days
of
representative
government,
With
pea
cli
sketch,
she
Illustrates
the
meagre
building
near
the
mouth
Of
the
Niagara
river
where
the
first
1eglslatureoiUp-,
per
Canada,
or
Ontario,
lield
Its
first
meeting.
It
was
about
as
primitive
as
the
log
cabin
of
the
pioneer,
yet
the
legislature
of
25
members,
both
houses
all
told,
was
opened
with
pomp
and
display.
Westminster
in
miniature
I
A
few
months
later,
Lower
Canada
SAVOY
HOTEL
Prince
Rupert's
Leading
Family
Hotel
Hot
and
Cold
Water
in
All
Rooms
A.
J.
PRUDHOMME,
the
pioneer
hotel
man
v
,
of
Prince
Rupert,
Proprietor
Cor.
of
Fraser
and
5th
St.
Phone
37
PRINCE
RUPERT,
B,
C.
opened
Its
first
legislature
Just
beyond
those
precipitousrocks
of
Quebec
where
Wolfe,
Montcalm
and
Montgomery
fell.
In
the
two
Canadas,
responsible
government
was
on
the
way.
And,
while
the
setting
up
of
local
legislatures
In
Canada
announced
the
inevitable
com
ing
of
a
i'ew
day,
France,
the
Mother
Country
of
Quebec,
passing
through
her
reign
of
'terror,
was
herself
laying
the
foundations
'of
democratic
government
on
the
ashes
of
an
old
autocracy.
RESPONSIBLE
GOVERNMENT
The
granting
of
representative
gov
ernment
quickened
,
political
life
alike
In
the
two
Canadas
and
In
the
pro
vinces
by
the
Atlantic.
But
It
did
not
go
far
enough.
It
gave
the
people's
representatives
a
considerable
voice
n
the
administration.
Yet
that
went
only
part
way
In
the
direction
of
popular
government.
Bitter
quarrels
ensued
between
the
legislative
.'assemblies
and
the
governors,
the
assemblies
gradually
securing
Increasing
control
of
the
finances.
Rebellions
broke
out
in
both
Canadas,
The
British
Government
sent
out
Lord
Durham
to'
Investigate.
He
described
conditions
as
"two
nations
warring
In
thevbosoni
of
a
single
state."
In
Lord
Durham's
opinion,
the
chief
remedy
lay
In
the
granting
of
respon
slble
government.
But
this
was
to'
be
conditional
on
a
re-unlon
of
the
two
Canadas
as
a
means
of
balancing
the
two
races
and
of
procuring,
as
far
as
possible,
their
harmonious
cooperation.
Upper
and
Lower
Canada
were
united.
But
It
was
not
till
after
the
formation
of
the
Baldwln-Lafontlne
Government
in
1848
that
the
principles
of
responsible
government
were
formally
accepted.
Unrest
and
revolution
were
in
the
air.
France
set
up
her
second
republic.
The
Emperor
of
Austria
abdicated.
Kossuth
proclaimed
an
Independent
Hungary.
Plus
IX,
left
Rome
In
disguise.
And
responsible
government
came
In
Canada
not
by
the
enactment
of
any
statute
but
by
the
acceptance
of
a
constitutional
principle.
Henceforth
It
was
recognized
that
the
Governor
did
not
govern.
"The
sovereignty
of
the
Canadian
people
In
regard
to
their
domestic
affairs,"
to
cite
Sir
Robert
Borden,
"was
once
for
all
acknowledged
In
theVecognlzed
convention
that
the
Oovernor-General's
advisers
cannot
remain
In
office
unless
they
possess
the
confidence
of
the
people's
representatives
In
the
elective
branch
ot
the
legislature."
In
the
same
year,
responsible
government
went
to
New
Brunswick
and
Nova
Scotia.
DEVELOPMENT
ON
COAST
But
what
was
happening
west
of
the
Great
Lakes,
in
that
great
area
where
the
Hudson's
Bay
Company
ruled
with
the
authority
almost
ot
a
sovereign
state?
As
voyagers
from
the
Atlantic
were
braving
their
way
among
Innumerable
Ice-floes
In
search
for
the
North
West
Passage.
Drake,
bound
on
the
same
quest,
beat
his
way
up
the
Pacific
Coast
and
planted
his
flag
In
New
Albion.
Spaniards
came
and
claimed
the
territory
right
to
Rut-
j
slan
trading
posts
In
Alaska.
When.
Wolfe
sailed"
up
the
St.
Lawrence
Cap
tain
Cook
wa
In
command
of
one
of
;
his
scout
vessels.
It
was
now
Cook's
turn
to
explore
the
Pacific.
He
sailed
for
New
Albion
and
discovered
Nootka
Sound
where,
as
he
naively
tells
us,
he
was
surprised-to
fitzi
the
natives
sing
an
agreeable
air
"with
a
degree
of
soft
ness
and
melody."
Sir
Alexander
Mackenzie,
the
first
white
man
to
cross
North
America
from,
coast
to
coast,
wrote
his
name
In
vermilion
and
grease
by
the
waters'
of
the'
Pacific.
.
Rivalries
between
England
and
Spain
on
the
Pacific
Coast
had
almost
led
to
a
European
war.
Nor
was
It
till
1750,
or
two
years
after
Mackenzie
arrived
by
the
Pacific,
that
Spain
relinquished
all
her
claims.
Now,
In
British
Columbia,
as
In
the
western
prairie,
the
Hudson's
Bay
Company
became
supreme;
On
the
mainland
It
had
a
monopoly
of
trade,
In
1849,
a
year
after
the
two
Canadas.
Nova
Scotia
and
New
Brunswick
had
secured
responsible
government,
the
Hudson's
Bay
Company
was
granted
the
whole
of
Vancouver
Island.
The
British
Oovexnment.
reserved
the
rght
to
name
a
Governor,
But
the
company
nomine
was
accepted.
IUMI
TO
H.C.
It
was
a
system
which
could
not
en
dure.
Settler
were
entering
we
coun
try,
brlnging'wltti
them
ideas
of
a
new
order.
In
1856.
the
year
tne
legislative
Council
of
Canada
was
made
elective.
Vancouver
Island
held
the
first
meeting
of
Its
Legislature.
Discovery
of
gold
on
the
mainland
led
to
a
rush
of
miners.
Two
years
after
Vancouver
Island
secured
representative
government,
the
mainiana
of
British
Columbia
was
constituted
separate
colony.
Two
year
more
saw
the
union
of
British
Columbia
ana
Vancouver
Island.
Nor
could
the
rule
of
the
Hudon'
Bay
Company
endure
In
the
territory
which
lay
between
the
Great
Lakes
and
the
Mountains.
It
dlscouragea
seine
ment.
but
settlement
was
bound
to
come.
And
with
settlement,
as
In
Brit
ish
Columbia,
came
demands
for
a
rule
other
than
by
the
official
of
a
company.
From
the
east
there
came
word
of
nego
tiations
to
unite
the
Canadas
and
the
Marltlmes
into
one
confederation.
Cltl-
n
tv,n4
in
nubile
meeting
at
Portage
La
Prairie,
formed
themselvea
into
a
Crown
Colony
to
be
known
as
Manitoba.
But
It
was
not
till
after
the
Dominion
wa
born
at
confederation;
not
till
after
the
Hudson
Bay
Company
surrendered
It
government
and
ownership
or
tne
ureal
West,
that
Manitoba
and,
later.
Saskatchewan
and
Alberta,
could
com
Into
being.
HIRTII
OF
CONFEDERATION
Confederation,
which
was
to
link
Can-ada
from
sea
to
aea,
came
Into
the
rang
of
practical
politic
with
th
advent
of
the
railwav
and
th
telegraph,
But
thre
thlnes
made
confederation
a
practical
Instead
Of
an
academic
question!
(1)
Deadlock
In
th
Legislative
A
Mwida,-
Jim
Big
Bay
Lumber
Co.,
Limited
sembly
of
the
United
Canadas.
Lumber
Manufacturers
BOXES
A
SPECIALTY
Prince
Rupert
and
Georgetown
Mills
(2)
Notice
given
by
the
United
States
j
that
It
would
abrogate
the
reciprocity
I
treaty
concluded
In
1854,
thus
forcing
Canada
to
look,
for
new
channels
of
trade.
v
(3)
Intimation
from
the"
British
Government
that
Canada
must,
to
a
large
extent
provide
for
it
own
defence.
The
urge
wa
economic
as
well
as
political.
In
the
Canadas,
a
coalition
government
was
formed
which
had
In
view
the
confederation
of
the
British
North
American
provinces,
Province
by
the
Atlantic
were
moving
towards
a
Maritime
Confederation.
Legislatures
of
the
three
Maritime
Provinces
authorized
their
'government
to
hold
a
conference
at
Char-lottetown
to
discuss
a
legislative
union.
The
government
of
Canada,
having
been
granted
permission
to
send
representa
tives,
secured
adjournment
of
the
con
ference
to
Quebec
for
a
dissuasion
of
a
ftdfj-al
union
of
all
the
province
rather
I
than
a
leglstatlveuinlon
of
the
three
pro
vince
by
the
Atlantic.
The
Quebec
Conference
met
and
draft'
ed
73
resolutions
which
later
were
In
corpora
ted
Into
the
British
North
Ameri
ca
Act,
the
Act
that
on
July
1.
CO
yean
ago,
brought
the
Dominion
of
Canada
Into
being.
Sixty
years
ago
the
map
of
Canada
presented
a
picture
very
different
from
the
Pj-ture
It
present
today.
It
com
prised
Upper
and
Lower
Canada,
New
Brunswick,
and
Nova
Scotia.
Manitoba
entered
as
the
fifth
province,
then
Brit
ish
Columbia,
Prince
Edward
Island
and
lost
of
all,
the
newly
formed
provinces
of
Alberta
and
Saskatchewan,
these
In
V
1005.
By
Imperial
Order-ln-Councll
of
1880
the
boundaries
of
the
Dominion
were
extended
far
north
beyond
the
Arctic
circle.
MISTRESS
OF
IIKK
lESTINV
Four
centuries
have
elapsed
since
voyageurs
stood
on
our
shores
and
saw
painted
savage
moving
on
the
edge
of
a
brooding
wilderness.
Those
four
centuries
have
epitomised
the
progress
of
the
world.
Hard
behind
the
explorer
and
the
missionary
came
the
rule
of
the
trading
company
and
the
rule
of
the
government
beyond
the
seas.
Representative
Institutions
curtailed
the
power
of
governor.
Responsible
government
placed
control
In
the
hands
ot
the
peo
ple.
And
the
60
years
since
Confedera
tion
have
witnessed
a
corresponding
development
In
national
prestige
and
na
tional
status,
The
old
colonial
Idea
has
disappeared.
Canada
has
participated
In
International
conferences;
the
signature
of
her
plenipotentiaries
appears
on
In
ternational
treaties.
Che
wrote
her
epic
In
th
greatest
ot
world
wars.
She
I
a
member
or
the
League
ot
Nation.
Within
the
British
Commonwealth
of
Nations,
she
la
equal
In
status
with
rest
Britain
herself,
Sh
Is
tnUtres
of
her
own
destiny,
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
"
WE
CAN
FIX
IT"
Star
Welding&Repair
Works
11.
n.
stii.es
Proprietor
Oxy-Acetylene
Welding
A
SPECIALTY
RLACKS.MITHINtt.
MACHINE'
WORK.
Elf.
Phone
31
;
P.O.
Uox
ffij
COW
HAY
PRINCE
KUI'EIIT,
M.
Howe
&
McNulty
Phone
20ft
HARDWARE
MERCHANTS
Second
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H.C.
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Ship
Chandlery
)
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Paint
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Fifth
SI'"'