ee RE RE mee Fpl i Hd pene THE DAILY NEWS — —— The Daily News The Leading Newspaper and the Largest Circulation in Northern B. C. Published by the Prince Rupert Publishing Company, Limited DAILY AND WEEKLY TRANSIENT DISPLAY ADVERTISING—50 cents per inch. on application. SUBSCRIPTION RATES—To Canada, United States and Mexico—Dal.y, 50c per month, or $5.00 per year, inadvance. WEEKLY, $2.00 per year. All Other Countries— Daily, $8.00 per year; Weekly, $2.50 per year, strictly in advance. Contract rates HEAD OFFICE Daily News Building, Third Ave., Prince Rupert, B. C. Telephone 98. BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENCIES New York—National Newspaper Bureau, 219 East 23rd St., New York City. SEATTLE— Puget fsound News Co. Lonpon, ENGLAND—The Clougher Syndicate, Grand Trunk Building, Trafalgar are. Susscriners will greatly oblige by promptly calling up Phone 98 in case of non-delivery or inattention on the part of the news carriers. _ ee THE TWO COMMISSIONS AND MR. MANSON. Datry EDITION. SATURDAY, JAN. 13 Mr. Manson’s interview in yesterday’s Daily News makes it clear upon whom to bestow the praise or blame for the forth- coming appointments to the license and police commissions. “These appointments are made entirely by the Government, but the responsibility for the nomination of men for them rests with myself as Member for the district’? were the words used by Mr. Manson. How important to the political interests is the personnel of the two board is seen by the general scramble last night of the various Conservative organizations, all seemingly anxious to in- struct Mr. Manson whom to appoint. The vote of the people on Thursday was largely a vote against the present regime of the license and police boards. Mr. Manson will probably perceive the wisdom of changing the per- sonnel of the boards in obedience to the voice of the people as expressed in that vote. Whether he merely swaps one politician for another, or whether he insists at Victoria that his Govern- ment appoint men who will carry out their duties irrespective of political considerations remains to be seen. Events of late have so conspired as to make Mr. Manson’s political future hang by a very slender thread. A wise or un- wise—a non-political or a political—appointing of the police and license boards means a great deal to the moral welfare of Prince Rupert, It means a very great deal more to Mr. Manson himself. NOTES AND COMMENT. The intimation that the new Minister of Finance will call in the $4 notes and replace them with $5 bills does not mean that he will swap anybody ten of the new fives for ten of the old fours. * * * * * ok Every student of morals is familiar with the maxim that “morals are a matter of latitude and longitude.” A curious confirmation comes from Quebec, where last week Judge Bruneau awarded a Mrs, Cote $200 damages against a news- paper which had erroneously described her as a Spiritualist. The Judge veasoned that in Quebec, where Roman Cathol- icism is so strong, it was obviously a most damaging thing for a paper to state that a woman was an infidel. In Ontario, Eng- land and the United States such a charge would not have been so damaging. * * * oo * The Empire’s report yesterday of poor trapper Orliff’s acci- dent, that he ‘had his feet badly frozen at a point ten miles from the Canyon,” reminds us of the advertisement, ‘‘a piano for sale by a lady with mahogany legs.” ok —_—_— — SS — — — — = ——— i: i ae ee ee aed | ee ee ed a a7 ¢ e o 7 A n ‘ A Telephone for Heated by ry A Guests Steam ‘ } r J e S ‘ New Beautifully } e Furnished Rooms } Now Ready The rooms in the Alberts Block are now ready for occupancy. Everything up to date, including bath and tele- phone, . Steam Heated ———————=__ “COST OF LIVING IS HIGHER BUT WE LIVE LOTS BETTER’ That is the Conclusion Come to by Roger W. Babson, the Expert Economist, in a Special Article Written for The Daily News ’ ROGER W. BABSON Who says if people would be satisfied to live now as they used to living” problem would be solved. There are some who _ believe that the high cost of living is due in part to changes in our mode of living and spending money. Among these is Roger W. Bobson, the famous statistician of Boston and business expert for the Sat- urday evening Post. Babson has written the following article for The Daily News, setting forth his views on the high cost of living. —Editor. BY ROGER W. BABSON Famous Boston Statistician and Economic Writer of Satur- day Evening Post. The present high cost of liv- ing has been brought about by a combination of conditions. Most of these, however, are natural conditions following the growth and development of a new nation. On the other hand, the individual is to a great extent directly re- sponsible. Some eminent authorities have told us that this increase is en- tirely due to the increased pro- duction of gold and the conse- quent depletion of the purchas- I rate this as but one factor— ing value of the same. However, a world-wide fact. There are three important divi- sions of expense in the household and I desire to make a brief com- parison of the increased cost in these three items, viz: Food, rent and clothing. The increased cost in the mat- ter of dress or house rent can be compared intelligently only in one way. It would be useless to argue with a man that the ex- pense to clothe his family had not greatly increased in the last 20 years. On the other hand, if you should ask him if his family were not wearing better clothes, better shoes and better hats than ever before, he would have to reply that they were, and if they were content to wear the same kind of clothes, the same kind of shoes and hats that were good enough 20 years ago, he would doubtless find they had not greatly ad- vanced in price since then. In the matter of rent, the in- crease is very marked and can be charged up largely to two causes. First, the increased cost of labor, which we will touch upon later, but the principal advance is also due to the increased demand for more conveniences and more at- tractive homes, 5 If we could be content with houses having as few conven- ienees as the houses of our grandfathers, we would find the rent was still quite reasonable. The point is, we require more in this generation, and conse- quently must pay for it, Now, in regard to the increase in the cost of food, this is the item which has undoubtedly shown the greatest proportionate inerease and perhaps the public is the least responsible for this increase. There is no argument necessary that the lowest cost of living in our country was during the days of our ancestors and before the introduction of ma- chinery or the development of our great cities when every home was surrounded by spacious grounds with gardens and livestock yield- ing products sufficient to practi- cally supply the wants of the Furnishings all new and ‘ up to the minute, 7 ‘ ais J SS = =———- = = ——<—<—<——_——— ry 4 ’s BI’k Upstai : Albert’s pstairs Second Avenue Head of Centre St. ¢ Near New Theatre A ° 4 A _—_—__—_— + - 4 aa - « id * a - ad 4 a Sd Sa - household. In such a community there was no market for milk, eggs or butter, as each household produced their own supply, Now, if the growth of our coun- try in population had kept on in that simple community way, we would have today very cheap milk, butter, eggs, ete.; but the growth of our country has not been along those lines, for the rush of immi- gration has been toward the cities and not toward the country, For every producer of food products on the farm, we are getting 100 families in the cities to be sup- plied from the same. There are certain logical con- ditions which exist during periods of prosperity in our country as | to the relation of commodity | prices to the price of labor. If | the cost to produce increases | through an advance in wages the cost to the purchaser will in- crease whether it is a house to be rented or a pair of shoes to be worn. The price inevitably ad-| vances. On the other hand, when} business is dull and there is less demand for labor than the supply, | then the tendency is for cheaper commodities and cheaper rents. “We cannot eat our cake and) have it, too,” or, in other words, | prosperity plus high wages equals high cost of living; dull times, plus low wages equals low cost of living. You cannot combine | prosperity and high wages and | get a low. cost of living. The present generation does not know | the meaning of the word ‘“econ- | omy” in any sense as our grand- mothers did. In speaking of the growing ex- travagance of our people, a large | paper manufacturer remarked re- cently that were it net for the introduction of wood for the manfacture of paper it would be impossible to supply our country DANCE Given by } | KING’S DANCING ACADEMY Saturday Night at 9 P. M. Ladies Taught Free. Sons of England Hall. 97 -Piece Dianer Sets | $15.00 We are clearing some of our hence the above price, See them in our 2nd ave. window, We are also clearing some Bed Com- forters and Blankets, At BIG FURNITURE STORE F. W. HART 2nd Ave. & 6th St. on 2nd Ave. Phone 62 Entrance | patterns, | | | For Sale Comfortable 4-room cottage with bathroom, toilet, pantry and cellar. Price, ineluding furni-| ture, $3,000, Cash deposit, $800. | This cottage is only 5 lots from} McBride street Ninth avenue, Section 6, Another Good Buy Lot 31, Block 29, Section 6, with 3-room house, Price $41,260. Cash deposit $600, G.R. NADEN COMPANY imited, Prince Rupert, B.C | | | Second Ave., MADE AND Shoes eek EPAIRED JOHN CURRIE SECOND AVENUE - - PRINC RUPERT AT DAVIS’ F. M. DAVIS gu’at’s General Machine Shop and Ship’s Carpentering. Also agents for Fair- banks- Morse and ose Gasoline Engines, Gasoline Engines and Ac- cessories carried in stock, Launches and Boats for Hire N.E. end of Wharf = Advertise in ;saving The Daily News live much of the “high cost of with paper today at any cost. That is, if we were dependent upon rags to manufacture our paper, as we were only a few years ago, we should have to stop using paper, as we have stopped rags. Why? Because this is not a rag saving genera- tion. Our grandmothers used to sell rags in exchange for tinware. They thought it worth while, but this generation had rather burn them up than save the five or ten cents, Now, in conclusion, we believe that the present cost of living has been brought about largely by our desire or demand for “better liv- are getting ‘‘value ‘Phe only hope for eheaper food costs ing’ and in most cases we received,” is to create so great a public sentiment toward “back to the country” that this modern tend- ency to fill the tenement districts lof our cities with such a conges- tion of humanity shall be over- leome: since now there are not even sunshine afd fresh air enough to go around, to say nothing of fresh vegetables and pure milk, Georgetown Sawmill Co. Ltd. Lumber and Mouldings A large stock of dry finish- ing lumber on hand, Boat lumber a specialty. Delivery made at short notice. Our prices are as low as any. Call on us before ordering. OFFICE: Cor Centre St. and First Ave . Church Services - FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Services every Sunday in the Empress Theatre, 1) a.m. and 730p.m. Sunday School and Bible Class at 2.30 p. m. REV. F. W. KERR, M.A., PASTOR THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH MCINTYRE HALL, SRD AV EAR 6TH 8T. Services every Sunday at 11 a.m. and 7.30 p.m Sunday School 2.30 p.m. Baraca Bible Class 2.30 p.m, REV. W. H. McLEOD B.A B.D. Pastor THE FIRST METHODIST CHURCH BETWEEN CENTRE ST. AND 2nd AVE. Services every Sunday at 11 a.m. and 7.30 p.m, Sunday School at 2.30 p,m, REV. C, R. SING, B.D. PASTOR UNION $.3. COMPANY OF B.C, Ltd The new steel Passenger Steamer “Camosun” leaves Prince Rupert every Sunday at 6 p.m. for Vancouver, | arriving Tuesday morning. For Stewart City on arrival from Vancouver Friday | night. | Northbound, leaves Vancou- | ver Wednesdays at 9 p.m, Steerage Fare $6,00 The ‘‘Camosun”’ is the only steame on the run having water-tight bulk- heads and double bottom, thus en suring safety of passengers in case of collision or wreek J. H. Rogers, Ticket Agent. | west, thence 65 chains north, thence 76 chains LAND LEASE NOTICE | skeena Land District—District of Coast Range 5 Take notice that we the undersigned, Alfred | Christian Garde and Wm, M. Johnston of Prince B.C., occupation mining engineer anu intend to apply, for permission to Rupert, prospector, lease the Jomr follewing described land: : Co encing at a post planted 1-4 mile east of the Station,G.T.P. Ry Station and approxim- ately 27 miles east of Prince Rupert, thence north 40 chains, thence east 20 chains, thence south 25 chains mo or less to railway grade, thence westerly 26 chains more or less following said grade to point of commencement and containing 10 acres oF Te88: . LERED CHRISTIAN GARDE WILLIAM M. JOHNSON | Date No | Pub, Dee Skeena Distriet——District of Queen Charlotte Islands notice that Arthur Tremaine, or Saanich, B, C., occupation farmer, intends to apply for permission to jlease the fol | lowing described lands: Commencing at a post planted at the southeast corner, being eighty cha as south of the northwest corner of Lot 1555, Mas- set Inlet; thence west forty chains, thence Land Take north eighty Chains, thence east forty | chains, thence south eighty chains to the point of commencement, Containing three hundred and twenty acres (320), more or ess, ARTHUR TREMAINE, George Young, Agent. 15, 1011, 15, 1911. District Charlotte Islands, Take notice that Alfred MeGregor, of Victoria, B, C., occupation broker, intends to apply for permission to lease the fol- lowing described lands: Commencing at @ post three-quarters of a mile the southwest corner of Lot 1548, Masset Inlet, thence east forty chains, thence south to the north boundary of Lot 1557, thence west one hundred chains, more or Dated Nov. Pub, Dec, District of Queen Skeena Land planted about southwest from less, thence north ninety chains, thence east to the beach, thence along beach to point of commencement, containing 81x hundred and forty acres (640), more or less. ALFRED M’GREGOR, George Young, Agent, Dated Nov, 15, 1911. Pub. Dec. 15, 1911. Skeena Land District—District of Queen Charlotte Islands, Take notice that Malcolm Wright Young, of Saanich, B, €., occupation farmer, in- tends to apply for permission to lease the rollowing described lands: Commencing at @ post planted at the southeast corner, being about one mile east of the northwest corner of Lot 1551 thence north to the south boundary 0 Lot 1550, thence west to the east boundary of Lot 1550, thence south along the sald boundary to the southeast corner of said Lot 1550, thence west along sald boun dary to the east boundary of Lot 1549, thence south along the said boundary to the north boundary of Lot 1552, thence east to the northeast corner of Lot 1552 thence north to the northwest corner © Lot 1 , thence east to the point of com- mene nt, containing six hundred (600) scres, more or less MALCOLM WRIGHT YOUNG. Skeena Land District—District or Take notice that I, James T, of Vancouver, B. to purchase the following described Commencing @t a post planted ¢ east of Naas River and 40 chains s pre-emption No. 397 (SEC), chains north, thence 24 chains west chains thence 52 east to point mencement; containing 160 acr or less, J. T. FULLERT( RK. H. Stewart, a Dated Prince Rupert, Dec, 11, 4 Pub, Dec, 13. Skeena Land District—District of Range 5. Take notice that 1, Abraham H of Prince Rupert, B, C,, Gecupation intend to apply for permission to | the following described lands; Commencing at @ post planted southwest corner Of @ smail isia twenty-five (25) chains north and chains east of the northwest corne; 1323, Range 5, Coast District, isiand, thence following the shore a northeasterly direction about (20) chains to the north end of the thence in a southwesterly direct the shore line about twenty (2 to the point of commencement, | island containing about forty (40 more or less, ABRAHA 6th, 1911 13. Dated Dec. Pub, Dec, Skeena Land Distriet—District of Ca Vancouver, bs, C., occupation bookkeeper described lands; Commencing at a jt planted at fluence of blackwater river with Naas riy cabin. Post marked A. J. M. N. W thence 80 chains south, thence 40 ct thence 80 chains north, thence 80 cha more or ANGUS JAMES McKtI Dated Sept. 23, 1911. Pub. Nov. 2. Skeena Land District—District of Coast ‘Lake notice that Miss Mary Mul ville Ireland, occupation spinster, intends for permission to purchase the following lands; Commencing at a post planted one cha of the soutneast corner of Lot 652, 40 chains, thence east 20 chains, t chains, thence west 20 chains lo point mencement; containing eignty acres, m Vated Vet. 11, 1YlL. Miss MAKY M Pub. Nov. 11. 40 chains, thence north 40 chains, thence east 40 George Young, Agent. Dated Nov. 16, 1911. Pub. Dec, 15, 1911. Skeena Land District—District of Queen Churlotte Islands. Take notice that William Moore, of Saanich, B. C., occupation farmer, intends to apply for permission to lease the fol lowing described lands commencing at @ post planted at the southwest corner of Lot 1548, Masset In let, thence east one hundred chains, thence south sixty-four chains, thence west to the | beach, thence along beach to point oO commencement, containing six hundred and forty (640) acres, more or less. WILLIAM MOORE. George Young, Agent, 14, 1911. 15, 1011. Dated Nov. Pub, Dec. LAND PURCHASE NOTICES. Skeena Land District—District of Coast Range 5 Take notice that LeRoy F. Grant of Prince Rupert, B. C, occupation civil enginees, intends to apply for permission to purchase the following deseribed lands: Commencing at a post planted about 3 1-2 miles in a northerly direction from the northeast corner post cf Lot 13¢¥, Range 5, Coast Dietrict, thence east 30 chains, thence north 60 chains, thence west to bank of river, thence south following bank of river to point of commencement; con- taining 160 acres, more or less. LEROY F. GRANT Dated Sept. 9, 1911. Pub. Oct. 10, Gordon C. Emmerson, Agent Skeena Land District—District of Cassiar Take notice that Herbert McLennan of \ an- couver, B. C., occupation real estate agent, intends to apply for permission to purchase the following | | described lands: Commencing at a post planted at the con- fluence of Blackwater river with the Naas river | about two miles south of the sixth Dominion | Telegraph ecatin Post marked H. N. EB Corner, thenee 80 chains south, thence 80 chains thence 80 chains west, thence 80 chains north, vast to peint of commencement, containing 640 | acres more or less. | Dated Sept. 23, 1911 Pub. Nov. 2. HERBERT MeLENNAN Skeena Land District—District of Cassiar Take notice that Thomas Arthur White of Van- | couver, B. C,, occupation carpenter, intends to | | | | polmt of commencement, contain acres, more or less, DAGOBERT AU! Fred k, Cowell Date Noy. 10th, 1911. } Pub, Dec, 9. | Skeena Land District—District | Range 6. | Take notice that I, Theod | driver, of Victoria, B. C., Can appiy tur permission to purcha iowlbg described lands Commencing at @ post pla southwest corner of Lot ) east 580 chains, Whence ‘ | thence west 40 Chains, thence | chains, thence west 40 Chains, th SU chains to point Of Colunencel taining 480 acres, more or less THEODORE NICHA Fred E. Cowell, Dated Oct, 31, 1911. Pub. Dec. 9 skeena Land District—District fake notice that I,, Paul Curt of Victoria, intend to apply for } to purchase the following descril Commencing at @ post plantica east boundary and about live § from the southeast corner of | thence north 6U Chains, thence chains, thence south 60 Chains, thi 3U chains to point of comimencetns taining 180 acres, more or less PAUL Fred E, Cowell, Dated Oct. 31, 1911. Pub. Dec. 9. District—District Kange 5. Take notice that i, Michas bega Skeena Land of Victoria, B. C,, intend to apply mission to purchase the fvll seribed lands Commencing at a post plan north side of Williams Creek, hitimat branch of the G. T. P. i Williams Creek, and about ten (1 from the creek shore, thence chains, thence east 40 chains, the | 30 chains, thence west 40 Chain LAND PURCHASE NOTICc} s Ful U., Occupation en, ng student, intend to apply for pery then 40-echains south, following the Naas | M1 1 ci to apply for permission to purchase the | t then Skeena Land District—District of Range 5. Take notice that 1, Dagobert Au Nanaimo, B, C;, occupation miner to apply for permission to purci | following described lands: Commencing at @ pust planted southeast corner Of LOL 4454, the West 40 Chails, CUT Take notice that Angus James Meck, two mijes south from the sixth Dominion 1. to point of commencement, containing 6) John C. Mul ville M H, BARBE! ‘ j of commencement, containing 12 |} Inere or less, MICHAS BEGAN Fred E, Cowell, | Dated Oct, 34, 1011, | Pub, Dec, 9. | apply for permission to purchase the following | | deseribed lands: | Commencing at a post planted at the con- fluence of Blackwater river with Naas river, about two miles south of the sixth Dominion Telegraph cabin. Post marked T. A. W. S. E. Corner, thence 80 chains north, thence 80 chains west, thence 50 chains south, thence 80 chains east to point of | commencement, containing 640 acres more or less. | THOMAS ARTHUR WHITE Dated Sept, 28, 1911. | Pub Nov, 2. Skeena Land District—District of Cassiar Take notice that Charles William Ham of Vancouver, B. C., oceupation inspector, intends to apply for permission to purchase the following described lands: Commencing eat a post planted at the con-| fluence of Blackwater river with the Naas river about two miles south from the sixth Dominion Telegraph cabin. Post marked C. W. H. 8S. W. Corner, thence 80 chains north, thence 80 chains east, thence 80 chains south, thence 80 chains west to point of commencement, containing 640 | acres more or less, CHARLES WILLIAM HAM Dated September 23, 1911. | Pub. Nov, 2. Skeena Land District-——District 4 Range 5. Take notice that I, Louls Caleris, driver, | of Victoria, B. C., intend to apply for per- of Coast, mission to purchase the following de- scribed lands Commencing at a post planted at the southeast corner of Lot 1729, thence south 80 chains, thence west 40 chains, thence | north 80 chains, thence east 40 chains to point of commencement, containing 820 acres, more or less, } LOUIS CALERIS, | Fred E, Cowell, Agent, Dated Oct. 31, 1941, Pub, Dec, 9. | Skeena Land District—District of Cassiar, Take notice that James Ewing Macrae, of Vancouver, occupation real estate agent, intends to apply for permission to pur- | chase the following described lands: | Commencing at & post planted about seven miles distant and in an easterly direction from the Naas River, and about eight miles north of Alyansh Indian village thence north eighty chains, thence east elghty chains, thence south eighty chains thence west eighty chains to point of commencement, JAMES ff yiNe MACRAE., i, P, Rutte ont, | Dated Oct, 31, 1914.0 nt ent Pub, Dec, 14, Skeena Land District—-District of Casstar. Take notice that Clarence Bowen, of Se- atile, Wash. occupation woodsman, tn- tends to apply for permission to purchase the following deseribed lands; Commencing at a post planted four | Iniles east of the Naas River and about | five miles north of Alyansh, thence west eighty chains, thence south eighty chains, thence east eighty chains, thence north elgtty chains to point of commencement. CLARENCE BOWEN, H. P, , : Dated Oct, “ai 81, Pub, c Dec, 14 Skeena Land District—Distriet of Coast Range 6 , Take notice that Benjamin Russel Rice of Prings Rupert, a Sie occupetion waiter, intends ap or \ e sony. or pera jon to purchase the following Commencing at a post planted 65 chains south from the southeast corner of Lot 8060, Post marked B. R. RS. E. Corner, thence 70 chains east, thence 65 chains south to point of - mencement, containing 455 acres neki le ore BENJAMIN RUSSEL 12 Dated October 21, 1911 een ae Pub. Nov, 2, Ské@na Land District-——District Khange 5. Take notice that 1, Samuel gardener, of Victoria, intend to 4 permission to purchase scribed lands: Commencing north side of at a post planted Wililams Creek, chains back from the creek |} about fifty chains southeast [1 the Kitimat branch of the G, 1 ol-way Williams Creek, south thence east 4 thence north 40 chains, thence |} chains to point of commencerit | taining 160 acres, more or } SAMUEL Fred E, Cowell, Dated Oct, 31, 1011. Pub, Dec. 9, crosses 40 chains, District—District Charlotte Islands Take notice that Ellen Marion Victoria, B. C,, occupation spinst Skeena Land to apply for permission to pure! following described lands: Commencing at @ post planted southeast corner of Lot 1662, thet to the northeast corner of Lot 15 south to beach, thence along ! point of commencement, contall nuncred and four (104) acres, less, ELLEN MANION YOt George Youngs, Dated Nov. 15, 1911, Pub, Doc, 15, 1011, Skeena Land District-——District Charlotte Islands Take notice that John Scott ¥ Saanich, B.-C., occupation farme! to apply for permission to pur following described lands: Commencing at @ post planted northeast corner of Lot 1550, then to the north DOUngaTY of Lot 18! east along the said boundary to shore, thence following along the the point of commencement, | three hundred and sixty-one (306! more or less, JOHN SCOTT YO! George Youns, 15, 1011, 15, 4011. Dated Nov. Pub, bee, Distriet—District Rang Take notice that | penter, of Victorta, B, for permission to pure described lands; Commencing at a post planted 4 and one-half miles northeast | intake of Trout River, on the W of Lakelse Lake, and about five back from the waterfront, then 80 chains, thence west 80 chains north 80 chains, thence east 80 | point of commencement, contalli acres, more or 108s, JOHN ARGIRA Fred E, Cowell, 1911. Skeena Land e 5, John Argtra intend | e the [ Dated Oct, 34, Pub. Dec, 9, Skeena Land’ District—District of Take notice that Frank Furey, 0! Wash., occupation chainman, ‘0! apply for, permission to purchase lowing described lands: Commencing at a post planted & miles east of the Naas River & seven miles north of Ajyinsh, th eighty chains, east eigity cma eighty chains, west elguty chatn of commencement, FRANK FUL! H, P, Rutter Dated Oct, S14, 1011. Pub, Dec, 44. ths foltow BEII TE g ving ine de nt